Learning Korean Grammar(2) - Conjugation of verb and adjectives

According to politeness, tense, level, passive and causative forms, and speech styles, Korea verbs and adjectives are conjugated . Verbs and adjectives consist of word stem and word ending, with the base forms comprised of the word stem + -다. That form is nomarlly called the 'dictionary form'.  Accordingly, a dictionary search for such words will reveal their base forms, such as 가다 (to go), 오다 (to come), 먹다 (to eat), and 입다 (to wear). When conjugated, the words stems of verbs and adjectives do not change; rather, 다 is replaced with the appropriate form depending on the speaker’s intention.

 

Verbs
Base Form		갑니다 (go/goes)
가	다	가(다) +	-니다 (Present formal ending)
Word stem	Word ending	가십니다 (go/goes) (referring to a superior/elder)
		가(다) +	-시-(honorific) + -ㅂ니다(present formal ending)
(to go)		갔습니다 (went) (referring to a superior/elder)
		가(다) +	-았-(past tense) + -습니다(present formal ending)

 

Adjectvie
Base Form		좋습니다 (is good)
좋	다	좋(다)	~습니다 (Present formal ending)
Word stem	Word ending	좋았습니다 (was good)
		좋(다)	~았~ (past tense) +  ~습니다 (present formal ending)
(to beed good)		좋겠습니다 (seems be good)
		좋(다)	~겠~ (guess) +  ~습니다 (formal ending)